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Penal Colonies---Agricultural and Industrial - PDF - / Send As Email
by Arthur Griffiths
In The North American Review, December 1896, pp. 676-687 - Previous Article / Next Article

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PENAL COLONIES-AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSĀ­
TRIAL.
BY MAJOB ARTHUR GEirpiTHS, HEE MAJESTY'S liTSPECTOR OF
PRISONS.
SOCIETY lias fought with many weapons in its ceaseless warfare
with those forces of rebellion and disorder that constantly
oppose and break the laws made for the general good. The battle
is not always to the strong, and that society has so far gained
no decisive victory is seen in the continued vitality of crime. No
penal system as yet devised has succeeded wholly. Extirpation,
the oldest, the shortest, and simplest method with offenders, no
doubt reduced their numbers by summary process. To catch
your criminal and hang him out of hand was to rid the world of
a rascal, to save the state the cost of his keep, and the public from
his further attacks. But even when the hangman was busiest
other candidates offered themselves freely. The same idea, that
of removal, in a less permanent fashion, underlay deportation to
a distance or transportation beyond the system that had
much to recommend it. It avoided the savage truculence of a
code that sent sinners straight out of the world with all their imperfections
thick upon them ; it relieved the metropole or mother
country of its worst citizens, but gave them the chances of rehabilitation
in new lands when their offence was purged. Its
seeming excellence even now recommenjJs it to some European
nations slow to accept the experience of others who have made
the largest experiments with it, and have yet condemned and
abandoned it utterly. When increasing tenderness for life forbade
wholesale executions, when penal exile failed, became impossible,
or was only persisted in with doubt and difficulty by those
most enamoured ^of it, judicial ingenuity could devise nothing


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